ENR 1.6   ATS SURVEILLANCE SERVICES AND PROCEDURES

PROVISION OF RADAR SERVICES WITHINN SAL FIR / UIR

1.6.1.  Introduction

A Traffic Control Services within SAL OCEANIC FIR / UIR, with the exception of Aerodrome Control Service provided by TWR, will normally be carried out with the use of radar coverage. Many factors, such as radar coverage, controller workload, equipment capabilities, traffic density and the atmospheric conditions, may affect the performance of the radar services.

Radar services are provided within SAL OCEANIC FIR / UIR in accordance with procedures specified in ICAO Doc 4444 - chapter 8, supplement by ICAO Regional Procedures contained in Doc 7030. No radar vectoring will provided below 1700 FT within SAL TMA. Service is restricted to radar monitoring of air traffic below this altitude.

1.6.2.  Radar Services

Radar control services provided by Air Traffic Control Units in SAL OCEANIC FIR / UIR are as follows:

1.6.2.1 Radar separation of departing, arriving and en - route traffic;
1.6.2.2 Radar monitoring of air traffic to provide information on any significant deviation from normal flight path;
1.6.2.3 Radar vectoring when required;
1.6.2.4 Assistance to aircraft in emergency;
1.6.2.5 Assistance to aircraft crossing controlled airspace;
1.6.2.6 Warnings and position information on other aircraft considered to constitute a hazard;
1.6.2.7 Assistance to aircraft experiencing difficulties in navigation or a failure of two - way - communication.

1.6.3.  Radar separation

The minimum horizontal radar separation is:

  1. 5 NM for the SAL TMA;

  2. 10 NM for the remaining area.

1.6.4.  Minimum levels

Levels assigned by radar controller to pilots will provide a minimum terrain clearance according to the phase of flight.

1.6.5.  Radar coverage

Radar Station location and coverage are:

1.6.5.1  Morro do Curral SSR station:

- Position: 164525 N 0225634 W

- Operational Range: 250 NM (Refreshing Rate 7 SEC)

1.6.5.2  Monte Tchota SSR station:

- Position: 150215 N 0233722 W

- Operational Range: 250 NM (Refreshing Rate 7 SEC)

1.6.5.3  Pedra Rachada SSR station:

- Position: 170653 N 0250348 W

Operational Range: 250 NM (Refreshing Rate 7 SEC)

Note: See radar coverage chart under ENR 1.6.11

1.6.6.  SSR ground equipment

The SSR equipment is:

1.6.6.1 Capable of interrogating on Mode A and C;
1.6.6.2 Capable of decoding up to 4096 codes;
1.6.6.3 Not associated with primary radar.

1.6.7.  Radar and radio failure procedures

1.6.7.1  Radar failure

In the event of radar failure or loss of radar identification, instructions will be issued to restore non - radar standard operation. Reduced vertical separations of 500 FT or 1000 FT when below or above FL 410, respectively, VMC clearances, and / or holding patterns may be prescribed as emergency measures.

1.6.7.2  Radio communication failures
1.6.7.2.1 SSR equipped aircraft experiencing radio communication failures will operate the transponder on Mode A, Code 7500. SSR may be used for acknowledging of any instructions, to verify the aircraft receiver.
1.6.7.2.2 If the aircraft radio is completely unserviceable, the pilot should carry out the procedures of radio failure in accordance with ICAO provisions. The radar controller will provide separation to identified or non - identified aircraft experiencing complete communications failure, as far as possible, from other airspace users that constitute a hazard, until they have left the airspace concerned or have landed.
1.6.7.2.3 SSR transponder failure
1.6.7.2.3.1 Failure before intended departure - in case of a transponder which has failed and cannot be restored before departure, pilots shall:

  1. inform ATS as soon as possible and preferable before submission of a Flight Plan;

  2. plan to proceed, as directly as possible, to the nearest suitable aerodrome where repair can be effected.

  3. insert in item 10 of the ICAO Flight Plan Form under SSR the letter N of complete unserviceable of the transponder or in case partial transponder failure, the character corresponding to the remaining transponder capability.

1.6.7.2.3.2 Failure during flight - In case of a transponder failure during flight within or bound to enter Sal controlled airspace, pilots may expect that ATC units will endeavour to provide for continuation of flight to destination in accordance with the Flight Plan. After landing, pilots shall make every effort to have the transponder restored to normal operation. If repair cannot be effected, pilots shall comply with the above provisions for failure before intended departure. The exemption from the requirement for transponder equipment mentioned may be granted by the supervisor on duty in the ACC whenever conditions permit. Change of ETD, cruising level and / or route of flight may become necessary.

1.6.8.  Position reports

Air Traffic Control units may instruct pilots to omit position reports at compulsory reporting points or to report at specially designated reporting points, providing that the following conditions are fulfilled:

1.6.8.1 the flight must have been identified and the Mode C read - out must have been checked;
1.6.8.2 the flight must have received and acknowledge an ATC clearance;
1.6.8.3 when it can be assumed that radar contact can be maintained.

1.6.9.  Unlawful Interference, Radio Communications Failure and other Emergencies

Aircraft without prior instruction, may set the transponder Mode A, Code:

  1. 7500 in case of unlawful interference;

  2. 7600 in case of radio communication failure;

  3. 7700 in case of emergencies.

1.6.10.  SSR code assignment and operation

1.6.10.1 Aircraft about to enter SAL OCEANIC FIR / UIR and having received code setting instructions from ATC, shall maintain that setting until otherwise instructed.
1.6.10.2 Aircraft shall acknowledge code setting instructions by read back.
1.6.10.3 Aircraft about to enter SAL OCEANIC FIR / UIR and having not received code setting instructions shall:

  1. maintain the code assigned to him when proceeding from an area of SSR coverage;

  2. set the transponder on Mode A, Code 2000 if proceeding from an area without SSR coverage.

1.6.10.4 Aircraft immediately prior to take - off run shall switch the transponder from “standby” to “on”.
1.6.10.5 Aircraft immediately after landing shall switch - off the transponder.
1.6.10.6 Aircraft flying VFR outside controlled airspace and equipped with transponder, within SSR coverage, shall use the transponder Code 7000.
1.6.10.7 During control radar service, all traffic from DAKAR FIR have to call SAL CONTROL 10 minutes before entering the boundary in order to receive the respective Secondary Surveillance Radar Code (SSR).

1.6.11.  EN - ROUTE CHART - SAL FIR SSR THEORETICAL COVERAGES

Figure 59. EN-ROUTE CHART - SAL FIR SSR THEORETICAL COVERAGES
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